Introduction to Vibe Coding

In this article about Vibe Coding. We will cover its definition, related concepts and terms, tools, references, and other relevant resources. Expect a mix of theoretical insights and practical tips for embracing vibe coding effectively.

What's Vibe Coding

Vibe coding is a style of programming that prioritizes intuition, rapid experimentation, and an uninterrupted “flow” of ideas over strict adherence to syntax or structure. In practical terms, the developer focuses on what they want to achieve (often describing it in plain language) and lets tools – frequently AI – handle the low-level implementation details (What is Vibe Coding? AI-powered Software Development Explained). The term was coined by Andrej Karpathy in early 2025 to describe “fully giving in to the vibes” and almost forgetting that the code exists (vibes coding? : r/ChatGPTCoding).

In other words, you express the intent of the program and trust automated helpers to generate or adjust the code, minimizing cognitive friction. Even Merriam-Webster’s slang dictionary defines vibe coding as “writing computer code in a somewhat careless fashion, with AI assistance” (Slang Dictionary - Merriam-Webster) – capturing the idea that vibe coding feels casual, high-level, and driven by creative flow rather than painstaking manual coding.

Related Concepts to Vibe Coding

Vibe coding overlaps with several existing ideas in software development and creativity:

No-code/Low-code development – Building applications through visual interfaces or high-level configurations instead of hand-coding. No-code/low-code platforms let users drag-and-drop components or fill in parameters to create apps, enabling even non-programmers to develop software with minimal code (What are low-code and no-code development platforms? | Definition from TechTarget). This approach lowers the barrier to development, much like vibe coding does by letting you “describe an idea instead of writing code” directly (Vibe Coding and Vibe Design).
- Generative AI-assisted coding – Using AI tools (like GitHub Copilot, OpenAI’s ChatGPT, or Codeium) to generate code from natural language prompts or incomplete code. These AI pair programmers can interpret a description (“what you want the software to do”) and produce the corresponding code, which is central to vibe coding (What Is Vibe Coding?). In fact, Karpathy quipped that “the hottest new programming language is English,” highlighting that with advanced AI, simply describing behavior in plain language can yield working code (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev).
Intuitive and exploratory programming – A programming approach where the emphasis is on exploration, improvisation, and intuition. Instead of upfront design or strict plans, the programmer “plays” with code to see what works, learning and adjusting on the fly. It treats coding as a form of sketching or brainstorming: a way to try out ideas quickly and refine them iteratively (Exploratory Programming for the Arts and Humanities: Montfort, Nick: 9780262034203: Amazon.com: Books). This ethos of tinkering and immediate feedback aligns closely with vibe coding’s spirit of “just build what you like” and worry less about rules (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev).
Functional prototyping – Creating a quick, working prototype of an application or feature to validate ideas and functionality. Vibe coding excels at functional prototyping: because you can generate usable code so quickly with minimal setup, it’s easy to “spin up [a] prototype… in hours (with AI guidance)” and iterate rapidly (Vibe Coding and Vibe Design). The goal is to get a working model ASAP, then improve it through experimentation – exactly the vibe coding modus operandi.
Creative coding – Programming for creative expression (like generative art, visualizations, interactive media) rather than purely for utilitarian software. Creative coding is typically exploratory and iterative; the goal is expressive rather than strictly functional (Creative coding - Wikipedia). Vibe coding shares this freeform, experimental mindset. Creative coders often “feel the flow” when tweaking visuals or sounds in real-time, akin to how vibe coders stay in a flow state while quickly trying ideas without overthinking implementation details.
Flow state in programming – The psychological state of deep focus and immersion where a developer is “in the zone.” In flow, one loses track of time and is fully concentrated on the task, with actions feeling almost automatic. It’s characterized by “zero friction” and a sense that “everything makes sense” while coding (Flow State: Hacking Your Productivity | HackerNoon). Vibe coding explicitly aims to induce a flow state by removing as many friction points as possible (like syntax errors, boilerplate coding, setup overhead) so that the programmer can ride their creative momentum. By letting intuition guide development and offloading minutiae to AI or high-level tools, vibe coding helps programmers reach that out-of-body focus where coding feels effortless and fun.

Tools for Vide Coders

A number of tools and platforms align with the vibe coding philosophy of fluid, intuition-driven development. These include:

AI-assisted coding tools – Perhaps the cornerstone of vibe coding. AI pair programmers such as GitHub Copilot, OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Codeium, and others can generate code snippets or entire functions based on natural language instructions or partial code. They effectively handle the “how” while you specify the “what.” Developers using these tools often find that the AI can write the bulk of the code for many tasks; indeed some report that over 95% of their codebase is now AI-generated (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev). This enables small teams (or even solo developers) to accomplish far more – “10 engineers [can] do the work of a team of 50 to 100” thanks to AI-assisted coding ('Vibe Coding' Is Super-Charging Startups, Y Combinator CEO Says - Business Insider). In vibe coding, you might describe a feature in plain English and let the AI produce an initial implementation, then keep refining via dialogue and prompts (What is Vibe Coding? AI-powered Software Development Explained). The AI tools effectively minimize syntax worries and let you focus on ideas.
No-code/Low-code platforms – Platforms like Bubble, Webflow, Airtable (or Google’s AppSheet, Microsoft Power Apps, etc.) allow you to build software through visual interfaces, pre-built components, and minimal scripting. They share a goal with vibe coding: enabling creation without traditional coding expertise. For example, Bubble’s no-code builder provides a palette of UI elements and logic that you can assemble to make a working app, all without writing code (18 no-code apps and tools to help build your business - Webflow). In vibe coding, instead of drag-and-drop GUIs, you often “drag and drop” ideas by telling an AI your requirements. Both approaches abstract away the code details. These platforms are great for quickly prototyping functionality – you focus on the design and logic at a high level, which is very much in line with vibe coding’s intent-based development (Vibe Coding and Vibe Design).
Code playgrounds (e.g. Replit, CodePen, JSFiddle) – Online coding sandbox environments that let you write and run code instantly in the browser. They encourage rapid experimentation by providing quick feedback: you can tweak code and see results on the fly, with no complex setup. Replit, for instance, supports over 50 programming languages and lets you “run code live in your browser” with an in-browser IDE and compiler (playground - Replit). Such playgrounds are ideal for vibe coding because they remove barriers to trying out ideas. You can start writing a snippet, running it, and iterating in seconds, which keeps you in flow. Many playgrounds now also integrate AI assistants (Replit even has an AI mode called Ghostwriter/Agent (Replit – Build apps and sites with AI)), further blending into the vibe coding toolset.
IDEs with AI-driven autocomplete – Traditional code editors and Integrated Development Environments are increasingly adding smart autocompletion and AI features that complement vibe coding. Editors like Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ/PyCharm, and Visual Studio can integrate AI assistants (Copilot, Tabnine, Amazon CodeWhisperer, etc.) to suggest the next lines of code as you type (What is Vibe Coding? AI-powered Software Development Explained). This reduces the mental load of remembering syntax or boilerplate. In vibe mode, a developer might write a comment describing a function and watch the IDE’s AI completion fill out the code. Modern IDEs also offer features like instant run/debug, live reload, and REPL consoles – all of which support the rapid trial-and-error that vibe coders love. Essentially, a well-equipped IDE with AI turns coding into a more conversational, interactive experience, blurring the line between writing code and simply “asking for features” from the computer.

Best Practices for Vibe Coding

To make the most of vibe coding, developers have adopted certain strategies and mindsets that keep the momentum going and maximize creativity:

Embrace iteration and throwaway code – Vibe coding works best when you treat code as malleable. Don’t get too attached to any piece of code – write something quickly, and if it’s not right, you can always generate or tweak a new version. This culture is a shift from the traditional view that code must be carefully crafted; as one analysis noted, vibe coding encourages scrapping or rewriting code based on new insights or feedback without ego (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev). Iterating in small steps is key: get a prototype working, then refine it in cycles, rather than aiming for perfection on the first try.
Keep it simple – To maintain your flow, start with the simplest possible prompt or implementation and build from there. Karpathy advises that “the simpler, the better” when guiding an AI or writing initial code (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev). Simple instructions are easier for AI to get right and for you to mentally track. By tackling a problem in small, clear chunks, you can preserve the intuitive vibe and avoid getting bogged down. In practice, this might mean implementing a basic version of a feature first (even if it’s naive or not optimized), and then iteratively enhancing it.
Leverage AI for grunt work and fixes – One hallmark of vibe coding is relying on AI to handle tedious tasks like debugging and boilerplate. If you hit an error, a vibe coder might simply copy-paste the error message straight back into the AI assistant and ask for a fix, rather than manually stepping through a debugger (vibes coding? : r/ChatGPTCoding). This can quickly resolve issues and keep you moving forward (though be cautious – it assumes the AI’s fix is correct). Similarly, you can ask the AI to generate routine code (setting up CRUD operations, configuring libraries, etc.) while you focus on the high-level logic. By offloading rote work to AI, you maintain momentum and stay in the creative zone.
Reuse and remix code – Vibe coding isn’t about reinventing the wheel. It’s perfectly in line with the vibe approach to grab existing code (from StackOverflow, GitHub, or AI suggestions) and modify it to your needs rather than writing everything from scratch. Karpathy humorously described his vibe coding workflow: “I just see stuff, say stuff, run stuff, and copy-paste stuff, and it mostly works.” (What is Vibe Coding? AI-powered Software Development Explained). Taking advantage of pre-written solutions accelerates development – you’re standing on the shoulders of code that already works. Best practice is to prototype with cobbled-together code, then refactor later if needed.
Focus on functionality and user experience over polish – In the vibe coding mindset, getting a working result is far more important than making the code elegant. It’s a results-first mentality. As one observer noted, vibe coding emphasizes delivering software that feels right for the user, even if “the underlying code isn’t textbook-elegant.” (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev) This is a departure from obsessing over clean architecture or optimal algorithms upfront. The best practice here is to prioritize prototyping features that actually solve the problem or provide the desired experience; once you have those, you can always improve the code quality later. In other words, make it work (with vibe), then make it better when needed.
Stay in the flow – Arrange your workflow to minimize context-switching and distraction. For example, use tools like live reload or Jupyter notebooks that let you tweak code and see results immediately, rather than breaking your flow to compile or set up environment every time. Some vibe coders even use voice commands (e.g. with tools like SuperWhisper) to talk to the coding assistant and make changes without touching the keyboard (vibes coding? : r/ChatGPTCoding). The idea is to remove any friction that might pull you out of a creative state. When you’re vibing, you should feel like ideas go straight from your brain to the program. Achieving this might mean pre-configuring your dev environment, writing in a notebook-style environment, or using AI to handle context (like writing boilerplate) so you can jump between high-level ideas freely.
Verify and iterate (when needed) – While vibe coding involves a high level of trust in your tools, it’s still important to test what you build, especially if it’s more than a toy project. True vibe coding implies you aren’t meticulously reviewing every AI-generated line (What Is Vibe Coding?), which is fine for quick prototypes, but when you plan to use the code in production, adopt a hybrid approach: alternate vibing with periods of review/refinement. Write tests or do quick manual checks on the output to catch obvious bugs. In short, vibe freely during the creative phase, but before deploying or sharing broadly, do a sanity check. This lets you enjoy the best of both worlds – rapid creation and reliable results.

Vibe Coding References & Articles

For further reading on vibe coding and its related ideas, check out these sources:

Andrej Karpathy’s “vibe coding” thread (Feb 2025) – Original coinage of the term. Karpathy explains the concept on X (Twitter), describing how he “fully give[s] in to the vibes” and lets an AI (using tools like Cursor’s Composer with voice input) handle the coding details (vibes coding? : r/ChatGPTCoding) (vibes coding? : r/ChatGPTCoding). It’s a candid look at the mindset behind vibe coding, straight from the source.
Merriam-Webster Slang Dictionary – “vibe coding” – Dictionary entry defining the term. Merriam-Webster added “vibe coding” as a trending slang term, defining it as “writing computer code in a somewhat careless fashion, with AI assistance.” (Slang Dictionary - Merriam-Webster) This highlights how quickly the concept entered popular tech vocabulary and emphasizes the relaxed, high-level nature of vibe coding.
Business Insider – "Silicon Valley’s next act: bringing 'vibe coding' to the world" (Hasan Chowdhury & Jyoti Mann, 2025) – Tech industry article. A look at how both veteran engineers and newcomers are embracing vibe coding with AI. It notes that “using AI to write code” has been growing for years, and now the buzzword “vibe coding” has captured this movement (Silicon Valley's Next Act: Bringing 'Vibe Coding' to the World - Business Insider). The article discusses real examples (startups, tools like Replit’s AI) and also cautions about pitfalls and skepticism from some experts.
UX Tigers – “Vibe Coding and Vibe Design” (Jakob Nielsen, 2025) – In-depth blog post. An exploration of how AI-assisted development (vibe coding) and AI-assisted design (“vibe design”) are changing product creation. Provides a clear definition of vibe coding — “describe what you want in natural language and let AI generate the code” (Vibe Coding and Vibe Design) — and ties it to the evolution of low-code (English becoming the new programming language) (Vibe Coding and Vibe Design). Also discusses the role of human expertise in guiding AI and an interesting tangent on emotion-aware software as an alternate meaning of “vibe coding.”
ZBrain Blog – “What is vibe coding? AI-powered software development explained” (2025) – Article/guide. A comprehensive overview of vibe coding: definition, history, tools, advantages, and challenges. It traces the roots of vibe coding through increasing abstraction in programming, from assembly to modern AI coders (What is Vibe Coding? AI-powered Software Development Explained). Notably, it quotes Karpathy: “I just see stuff, say stuff, run stuff, and copy-paste stuff, and it mostly works.” (What is Vibe Coding? AI-powered Software Development Explained), and frames vibe coding as the next step in the no-code/low-code trajectory (programming by prompting). A great one-stop resource to understand the movement.
Stepan Ikaev – “Why Vibe Coding Is Important” (Creators’ AI Substack, 2025) – Analysis/newsletter post. Discusses the rise of vibe coding in the AI creator community and why it matters. It recounts how the concept went from Karpathy’s post to mainstream in a matter of weeks (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev) (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev), and includes examples of successful projects built with vibe coding (including a case of a fully AI-generated game reaching $1M ARR in 17 days (What Is Vibe Coding?)). The article also provides a “quick tutorial” on becoming a vibe coder and insights from a YC podcast about how vibe coding is reshaping engineering roles (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev) (Why Vibe Coding Is Important - by Stepan Ikaev).
Learn Prompting – “What Exactly Is Vibe Coding?” (2025) – Blog post on learnprompting.org. A beginner-friendly explanation that situates vibe coding in the context of AI advancements. It highlights how by late 2022 tools like Copilot were already writing useful code from prompts, and by 2023 people joked that “the hottest new programming language is English” (What Is Vibe Coding?) – essentially predicting vibe coding. It also distinguishes between merely using AI as an assistant and true vibe coding (which implies a greater level of trust and less manual verification of the AI’s output) (What Is Vibe Coding?). Good for understanding the philosophy and where to draw the line on “how much AI is too much AI” in coding.
Mihály Csikszentmihályi – Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (1990) – Book (classic psychology literature). This isn’t about coding per se, but it’s the seminal work on the flow state concept, which underpins a lot of the vibe coding mindset. Csikszentmihályi describes flow as a state of deep absorption where challenges meet skill levels, and one experiences focused bliss in the task. The book’s insights (e.g. that clear goals and immediate feedback help induce flow (How to get in the flow while coding (and why it’s important) - The GitHub Blog)) can be applied to programming. Vibe coding’s emphasis on instant feedback and reducing friction is essentially about creating the conditions for flow during development.
Vibe Coder Community & Learning Resources

As vibe coding gains popularity, communities and resources have sprung up where enthusiasts share tips and projects, and newcomers can learn:

Reddit communities – Subreddits like r/vibecoding are dedicated to this trend. Developers swap experiences, prompt tricks, and showcase “vibe-coded” projects. The vibecoding subreddit even uses Karpathy’s slogan “fully give in to the vibes. forget that the code even exists.” as its tagline (Vibe coding Discord : r/vibecoding). Additionally, broader communities such as r/ChatGPTCoding or r/ProgrammerHumor often discuss vibe coding in the context of AI coding assistants.
Discord servers – There are emerging Discord groups for real-time chat about vibe coding. For example, a Vibe Coding Discord server was started by community members in 2025 (Vibe coding Discord : r/vibecoding), where you can hang out with fellow vibe coders, ask questions, and share successes or headaches encountered while coding with AI. These communities are great for getting quick help or just staying motivated by seeing what others are building.
GitHub repositories – The “Awesome Vibe Coding” repo (awesome-vibe-coding/README.md at main · filipecalegario/awesome-vibe-coding · GitHub) is a curated list of references, tools, and resources related to vibe coding. It collects links to AI-powered IDEs, code editor plugins, and articles/tutorials on the subject. Browsing this list can quickly point you to useful libraries or platforms to try. You’ll also find example projects on GitHub where developers have labeled them as vibe-coded or built primarily with AI assistance – searching for the topic “vibe-coding” might surface some interesting demos.
Online courses & tutorials – While formal courses on vibe coding are still rare (given how new the term is), there are related learning resources. Courses on prompt engineering (crafting effective inputs for AI) are very relevant – since vibe coding largely involves “programming by prompt,” learning how to communicate well with AI is crucial. Websites like Learn Prompting (What Is Vibe Coding?) offer free modules on using natural language to direct AI, which directly applies to coding. There are also many YouTube tutorials and conference talks popping up: for instance, some developers have made videos titled “Vibe Coding Tutorial and Best Practices” (covering tools like Cursor AI and Windsurf) and popular tech YouTubers (like The Primeagen) have discussed their take on vibe coding. These can be excellent for seeing vibe coding in action and picking up practical tips.
Forums and developer networks – Beyond Reddit/Discord, discussions about vibe coding can be found on Hacker News, Stack Overflow (in threads about Copilot and AI coding habits), and Twitter (X) under the hashtag #vibecoding. Engaging with these can keep you updated on the latest tools or debates (for example, concerns about code quality or job impacts). Since vibe coding sits at the intersection of software engineering and AI, communities like the OpenAI Developer forum or Microsoft’s AI Lab blog sometimes share relevant insights and updates on new features that facilitate this style of coding. Joining these conversations will help you stay in the loop as vibe coding evolves.

Conclusion

By tapping into these resources, you can learn from the growing cohort of vibe coders, share your own experiences, and continue to refine this intuitive, fast-paced way of building software. Happy vibe coding!

Date: 25 Mar 2025